Techniques of using botulinum toxin for forehead wrinkles: A narrative review
Keywords:
Botulinum toxin, Dynamic wrinkles, Static wrinkles, Outcome, ComplicationsAbstract
The use of botulinum toxin extracted from bacteria Clostridium Botulinum for obliteration of forehead wrinkles has proven to be exceptionally efficient. Injection techniques are based on muscle groups targeted with minimal adverse effects when executed by a professional. Outcome is determined by a grading scale and differs based on the type of wrinkles. It is judged on day 1-4 post injection and peak effects are noticed around 1-4 weeks. It was seen that wrinkle reduction was dependent on dilution criteria and dose of the toxin. Bruising and hematoma formation are common local complications. Adverse effects are seen with concomitant use of other medications like Aminoglycosides, muscle relaxants and Anticholinergic drugs.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Nabeela Shahzadi, Saumara Atif, Ammara Arshad (Author)
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